Added value of the measles-rubella supplementary immunization activity in reaching unvaccinated and under-vaccinated children, a cross-sectional study in five Indian districts, 2018-20.

INTRODUCTION: Supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) aim to interrupt measles transmission by reaching susceptible children, including children who have not received the recommended two routine doses of MCV before the SIA. However, both strategies may miss the same children if vaccine doses are highly correlated. How well SIAs reach children missed by routine immunization is a key metric in assessing the added value of SIAs. METHODS: Children aged 9 months to younger than 5 years were enrolled in cross-sectional household serosurveys conducted in five districts in India following the 2017-2019 measles-rubella (MR) SIA. History of measles containing vaccine (MCV) through routine services or SIA was obtained from documents and verbal recall. Receipt of a first or second MCV dose during the SIA was categorized as "added value" of the SIA in reaching un- and under-vaccinated children. RESULTS: A total of 1,675 children were enrolled in these post-SIA surveys. The percentage of children receiving a 1st or 2nd dose through the SIA ranged from 12.8% in Thiruvananthapuram District to 48.6% in Dibrugarh District. Although the number of zero-dose children prior to the SIA was small in most sites, the proportion reached by the SIA ranged from 45.8% in Thiruvananthapuram District to 94.9% in Dibrugarh District. Fewer than 7% of children remained measles zero-dose after the MR SIA (range: 1.1-6.4%) compared to up to 28% before the SIA (range: 7.3-28.1%). DISCUSSION: We demonstrated the MR SIA provided considerable added value in terms of measles vaccination coverage, although there was variability across districts due to differences in routine and SIA coverage, and which children were reached by the SIA. Metrics evaluating the added value of an SIA can help to inform the design of vaccination strategies to better reach zero-dose or undervaccinated children.

Critical review of the relationship between resilience, self-esteem and religiosity among the tabligh during the fight of COVID-19

The paper presents resilience, self-esteem and religiosity approach to handle COVID 19 pandemic in Malaysia by an individual when facing and overcoming adversities. One of the factors that influence resilience in a person is self-esteem. According to Coopersmith, self-esteem is an individual's self-evaluation of the capability, significance, patience, consistency and flexibility in oneself when facing pressure. Individuals with a high degree of self-esteem can appreciate themselves, evaluate themselves well, accept their capabilities and deficiencies as well as the negatives and positives in life while being a responsible person. Individuals should not only think about themselves but also appreciate others and cultivate a healthy relationship with those around them. This attitude builds an individual with a high degree of resilience. According to Coopersmith, some of the aspects of self-esteem are power, significance, virtue and competence. © 2020 Innovare Academics Sciences Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.

Critical review of reciting al-quran in restoring the resilience and mental health among quarantined COVID-19 patients

The paper was designed to examine the effect of reciting to the Quran in restoring the based on Resilience and Mental Health among Quarantined Covid-19 Patients. Reciting the Al Quran is a phenomenon that is currently shrouding the people around the world, including Malaysia, during the Covid 29 pandemic. The al- Quran has a unique power in changing an individual's inappropriate behaviour to appropriate behaviour. According to Azarpour, Moraditochaeeb, & Bozorgia, the al-Quran contains various elements needed by humankind, such as religious, social, economic, health, medical, scientific, political and other aspects, as a guide for achieving prosperity in this life and the afterlife, reciting the al-Quran daily showers a person with continuous serenity, which is a very effective therapy for a person facing pressures in life. The al-Quran also provides all the internal and external needs required by a person to face the various challenges in life. Reciting the al-Quran is not only advantageous to a person but listening to recitals can also provide serenity and blessings from Allah S.W.T. © 2020 Innovare Academics Sciences Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.

Critical review of positive behavior and resilience in islamic perspective during the COVID 19 pandemic

The paper human needs can be categorised into two, namely physiological and psychological needs. The human physiological need refers to bodily health, whereas the internal need refers to the mental or spiritual aspect required for creating feelings of calmness in a person. When a need is not fulfilled, a crisis within a person emerges. Erikson opined that a person usually faces a problem caused by psychological or physiological aspects. The physical and psychological (internal) aspects of an individual should be simulated within a person until they are capable of facing a crisis. One type of crisis that influences the balance of the physical and psychological (internal) aspects is the situational crisis. A situational crisis occurs when a certain external element influences the psychological balance in an individual or the environment. For example, those suffering from COVID 19 are experiencing a situational crisis in the form of disruptions to the sufferer's physical and psychological (internal) states. © 2020 Innovare Academics Sciences Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.

Critical review of religion in coping against the COVID-19 pandemic by former COVID-19 muslim patients in Malaysia

The paper human needs can be categorised into two, namely physiological and psychological needs. The human physiological need refers to bodily health, whereas the internal need refers to the mental or spiritual aspect required for creating feelings of calmness in a person. When a need is not fulfilled, a crisis within a person emerges. Erikson opined that a person usually faces a problem caused by psychological or physiological aspects. The physical and psychological (internal) aspects of an individual should be simulated within a person until they are capable of facing a crisis. One type of crisis that influences the balance of the physical and psychological (internal) aspects is the situational crisis. A situational crisis occurs when a certain external element influences the psychological balance in an individual or the environment. For example, those suffering from COVID 19 are experiencing a situational crisis in the form of disruptions to the sufferer's physical and psychological (internal) states. © 2020 Innovare Academics Sciences Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.